Navigable route through a mountain or a ridge :
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Burzil Pass:
- Oldest known route connecting Gilgit and Srinagar
- Now a conflict territory and partitioned
- Pir Panjal Pass:
- Traditional pass from Jammu to Srinagar
- Closed after partition
- It provided shortest route from Kashmir valley to Jammu
- Banihal Pass:
- Across Pir panjal range, after Jawahar Tunnel
- No longer used in road transport
2. Ladhak
In the Interior:
- Khardung La
- Ladakh Range – Gateway to Shyok and Nubra valley
- Used to carry supply to Siachein glacier
- World’s second highest motorable road
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- Umling La Pass is the highest motorable pass (Ladakh)
- Zoji La
- Zanskar Range
- Connects srinagar with Kargil and Leh
- Part of NH1
- Pensi La
- Known as Gateway to Zanskar
On the border:
- Mintaka Pass :
- In Karakoram Range
- Tri-Junction between India,China and Afghanistan
Indo-China Border
- Parpik Pass
- Khunjerab Pass – Karakoram Range
- Aghil Pass- Karakoram Range, near K2
- Qara Ta la
Indo-Tibet (China) Border
- Lanak La : Located in Disputed Aksai Chin area
- Chang La
- Imis La
3. Himachal Pradesh
- Rohtang Pass: Pir Panjal – Link between Kullu, Lahaul and Spiti Valley
- Bara Lacha La:
- Zanskar Range
- Connects Himachal Pradesh with Ladakh. Situated along Leh-Mandi highway
- Debsa Pass: Link between Kullu and Spiti
- Shipki La
- Located on Indo-China border
- Passes through Jhelum Gorge
- Link between Himachal Pradesh and Tibet
4. Uttarakhand
Indo-Tibet (China) Border
- Muling La : Situated North of Gangotri
- Mangsha Dhura
- Used by pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar
- Mana Pass : situated to north of Badrinath
- Niti Pass
- Lipu Lekh:
- Near trijunction of India, Nepal and Tibet
- Used by pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar
In the Interior:
- Traill’s Pass
- Located between Nanda Devi and Nanda Kot peaks
5. Sikkim
- Jelep La
- Gives way to Bhutan
- Connects Lhasa to India
- Tista river has created this pass
- Nathu La
- Forms part of an offshoot of ancient Silk route
- Important trade route between India-China
- Was closed after Indo-China war in 1962, but reopened in 2006
6. Arunachal Pradesh
Indo-Tibet (China) Border
- Bom Di la : Connects India with Lhasa
- Yongyapp pass : Join Arunachal Pradesh with tibet region
- Dipher Pass
- Trijunction between India, China and Myanmar
- Lies on Macmohan Line
India – Myanmar Border
- Dihang Pass
- Khumjawang Pass
- Chaukan Pass
- Lekhapani Pass
- Hpungan Pass
7. Rajasthan
- Goram Ghat
- Located in Aravali Range
- Connects Mewar and Marwar
- Connects Udaipur with Sirohi and Jalore
- Haldighati Pass
- Located in Aravali Range – connects Rajsamand and Pali
- Historical Significance- Battle of Haldighati : Kingdom of Mewar (led by Maharana Pratap) and Mughal emperor Akbar’s general Amar Singh I (1576)
8. Madhya Pradesh
- Asirgarh Pass
- Satpura Range
- Usually Known as Dakkani Darwaza
- Connects North India to Deccan Plateau
9. Western Ghats
- Thal Ghat
- Northern Sahyadri
- Links Mumbai to Nasik
- Bhor Ghat
- In Northern Sahyadri
- Links Mumbai to Nasik
- Palghat (Palakkad Gap)
- Between Nilgiris and Anamalai Hills
- Connects Kerala to Tamil Nadu
- Senkota Pass
- Between Nagercoil and Cardamom Hills
- Connects Thiruvananthapuram to Madurai